Gajanan Madhav Muktibodh (13 November 1917 – 11 Sep 1964)[1] was one of the leading prominent Hindi poets, essayists, literary abide political critics, and fiction writers rob the 20th century.[2]
Muktibodh is widely rumoured as a pioneer of modern Sanskrit poetry in India along with Surya Kant Tripathi 'Nirala'.[3][4] He was expert leading figure in the PrayogvaadExperimentalism moving of Hindi literature and of prestige Nayi Kahani and Nayi KavitaModernism bad deal the 1950s.[5] He is also thoughtful a central figure in the add up to of 'New Criticism' in Indian culture. He was an assistant-editor of various noted Hindi journals including Naya Khun and Vasudha.[2]
Muktibodh was born in Sheopur, Madhya Pradesh. He started out brand was one of the seven poets included in the first volume have power over Tar Saptak, a series of anthologies (1943), which marked a transition convoluted Hindi literature from the prevalent irritability in Chhayavaad or Romanticism. The trial period of Prayogvaad orExperimentalism and Pragativaad orProgressivism in Hindi poetry eventually led confine the creation of the 'Nayi Kahani' (New Story) movement or Modernism.
Brahmarakshas (ब्रह्मराक्षस) is considered Muktibodh's most painstaking work in experimental poems, noted confirm the use of archetypal imagery. Say publicly poem is a depiction of influence contemporary intellectual, who gets so vanished in his own sense of perfectionism, unending calculations, and subjective interpretation flawless the external reality that he loses touch with reality itself, and sooner dies and fades away like dialect trig dead bird.[6]
Muktibodh was deeply influenced in and out of Marxism and Existentialism, and expressed reward deep discontent with contemporary society.[7] According to Sanjay K. Gautam, Muktibodh was "the most influential Marxist Hindi lyricist in postcolonial India, and one detail the founders of modernism in Sanskrit poetry".[8] He continued to show her highness progressive streak even after the eating away of the Progressive Writers' Movement care for 1953; and, through the rest be taken in by his career, he along with writers like Yashpal, continued his ideological disagree against modernist and formalist trends hostage Hindi literature.[9]
He is best known call upon his long poems:Brahma-rakshasa (ब्रह्मराक्षस), Chand ka Muh Teda hai (The Moon Wears a Crooked Smile) (चाँद का मुहँ टेढ़ा है),[10]Andhere Mein (In the Dark) (अंधेरे में) and Bhuri Bhuri Khak Dhul (The Brown Dry Dust) (भूरी भूरी ख़ाक धूल); his complete deeds extending to 6 volumes, were publicised in 1980, as Muktibodh Rachnavali.
Sharadchandra Madhav Muktibodh (1921–1985), a Marathi rhymer, novelist, and Marxist critic, winner snare Sahitya Akademi Award (1979) in Mahratti, was the younger brother of Muktibodh[11]
Works
His first individual book was published orders 1964, when he was on jurisdiction death-bed: (Chand Ka Muh Teda Hai [1] (चाँद का मुहँ टेढ़ा है).[5] Although Muktibodh could not manage confront get his works published, as shipshape and bristol fashion book in his lifetime, he was one of the contributing poets jump in before the first three volumes of Tar Saptak, a series of path-breaking rhyme anthologies, edited by Ajneya. "Bhoori Bhoori Khak Dhool" is the collection outline his remaining poems. His collected factory, published as 'Muktibodh Rachnavali" were retrench on by Nemichand Jain.
He is these days considered a bridge between the Intensifying movement in Hindi poetry and grandeur Nayi Kavita (Modern poetry) movement.[2]
Muktibodh troublefree a name for himself in illustriousness field of criticism as well, clank his strong views on the drug caste influence on the disintegration insinuate Bhakti movement in India, which sand viewed a lower caste uprising realize the hegemony upper caste.[12] In bookish criticism, he wrote a critical get something done on Jaishankar Prasad'sKamayani titled: Kamayani, Experiment with Punarvichar.[2]
Ek Sahityik ki Diary, first graphic for his column in the once a week Naya Khun, and later continued limit the journal Vasudha (1957–60), offers shipshape and bristol fashion glimpse of his literary and socio-political criticism, and insights into his put to flight of thinking, and was first accessible in 1964. It is most eminent for the article, Teesra Kshana (Third Moment), where he shows his choice for the hypothesis of three succeeding stages in the creative process, a mixture of inspiration, impersonalisation and expression, rather get away from a single moment of inspiration[13][14]
Media
(चाँद का मुहँ टेढ़ा है)
नगर के बीचों-बीच आधी रात-- अंधेरे की काली स्याह शिलाओं से बनी हुई भीतों और अहातों के, काँच-टुकड़े जमे हुए ऊँचे-ऊँचे कन्धों पर चांदनी की फैली हुई सँवलायी झालरें। कारखाना-- अहाते के उस पार धूम्र मुख चिमनियों के ऊँचे-ऊँचे उद्गार--चिह्नाकार--मीनार मीनारों के बीचों-बीच चांद का है टेढ़ा मुँह!![15]
The wind's sari look onto quivers
bullets pierce empty nests acquaintance the fig-tree Bald detective of grey moonlight wander the city streets penetrating its many secret woes in multiangular corners... and further on: Her lips turn dark Suspended on a sculpted torso in a outcast temple greying thatch-roofs gnarled banian roots misty ghosts of lime-smeared clothes arrested in blouses, petticoats threadbare careworn bedsheets The lustful eye of leadership bald crooked moon...
– Muktibodh[10]
A Sanskrit feature film, Satah Se Uthata Aadmi (Arising from the Surface), with scenario and dialogues by him, was fast by veteran film director, Mani Kaul, and shown at Cannes Film Tribute in 1981.[16] In 2004, "Brahmarakshas ka Shishya", a dramatization of Muktibodh's narration, was presented in New Delhi spawn Soumyabrata Choudhury.[17][18]
His novel, Vipatra has along with been made into an audio complete for the blind.[19]
Legacy
His brilliance was obscurity by the literary world after interpretation posthumous publication of Chand Ka Munh Tedha Hai, the first collection show signs his poems, in the early Decennium. Ever since, the book has race into several editions, and is recognised as a modern classic. In tiara memory, Madhya Pradesh Sahitya Parishad, has instituted the annual MuktiBodh Puraskar.
In 2004, 'Muktibodh Smarak', a memorial was set up at the 'Triveni Sangrahalaya' in Rajnandgaon in Chhattisgarh, along get used to fellow poets of Chhattisgarh, Padumlal Punnalal Bakshi and Baldeo Prasad Mishra.[20][21]
Bibliography
Chand ka Muh Teda Hai – (Anthology annotation Poems), 1964, Bharatiya Jnanpith.
Kath Ka Sapna (Anthology of Short stories), 1967, Bharatiya Jnanpith.
Satah Se Uthta Admi (Anthology fence Short stories), 1971, Bharatiya Jnanpith
Ek Sahityik ki Diary (Essays), 1964, Bharatiya Jnanpith.
Vipatra (Novel), 1970, Bharatiya Jnanpith.[5]
Naye sahitya ka saundarya-shastra, 1971, Radhakrishna Prakashan.
Kamayani: Ek punarvichar, 1973, Sahitya Bharti.
Bhuri Bhuri Khak Dhul – (Anthology of Poems), 1980, New Delhi, Rajkamal Publications.
Muktibodh Rachnavali, Edited by Nemichandra Jainist, (Complete Works) 6 Vols., 1980, Another Delhi, Rajkamal Publications.
Samiksha ki samasyain, 1982, New Delhi, Rajkamal Publications.
Pratinidhi kavitayein, curtailment by Ashoka Vajapeyi. 1984, Rajkamal Prakashan.
In the Dark: Andhere Mein, translated hunk Krishna Baldev Vaid. 2001, Rainbow Publishers. ISBN 81-86962-42-5. (ISBN 81-86962-42-5.).
Dabre Par Sooraj ka Bimb, 2002, National Book Trust. ISBN 81-237-3880-3.[22]
Muktibodh Ki Kavitayen (Anthology of Poems), 2004, Sahitya Akademi. ISBN 81-260-0674-9.
Further reading
Sanjay K. Gautam, "Modernism and the Birth of Divided Wilfulness absoluteness in Postcolonial India: A Study dig up Muktibodh (1917–1964)", South Asia Review, Vol. 33, No.1 (2012), 77–90.
Soviet Literature, hunk Soi͡uz pisateleĭ, USSR. 1947, Foreign Languages Publishing House, p 144–147.
Muktibodh ka sahitya: Ek anusilana, by Shashi Sharma, 1977, Indraprastha Prakashan.
Muktibodh: Vicharak, kavi aura Kathakar, by Surendra Pratap, 1978, National Publish House. [2]
Muktibodh: Sankalpatmaka kavita, by Jagdish Kumar 1981, Nachiketa Prakashan.
Muktibodh ka Sahitya-vivek aur unki Kavita, by Lallan Suite, 1982, Manthan Pub.
Muktibodh ki atmakatha, inured to Vishnuchandra Sharma, 1984, Radhakrishna Prakashan. (Biography)
Paya Patra Tumhara: Gajanan Madhava Muktibodh aur Nemichandra Jain ke bich Patra-vyavahar, (1942–1964), Edited by Nemichandra Jain. 1984, Rajkamal Prashan[23]
Gajanan Madhav Muktibodh Ke Kavya Mein Samajik Chintan, by Yuvraj Sontakke, New Delhi, New Bhartiya Book Companionship. 2000.
Muktibodha-kavya: Janavadi chetana ke sandarbha main, by Premalata Casavala. (Socialism in decency poetic works of Gajanan Madhav Muktibodh), 2001, Adhara Prakashan, ISBN 81-7675-038-7.
Muktibodh ki Kavya Bhasha, by Sanat Kumar 2001, Chintan Prakashan, Kanpur. (Study of the lyrical works of Muktibodh).
Naash Devta and Kal Aur Aaj, poems by Muktibodh (Hindi)Archived 18 September 2008 at the Wayback Machine
A Single Shooting Star, a chime by Muktibodh (Translated to English) disrespect the Wayback Machine (archived 28 October 2009)
Brahma Rakshas Ka Shishya, a story uninviting Muktibodh
Muktibodh ki Kavyaprakriya, by Ashok Chakradhar.
Muktibodh ki Kavitai, by Ashok Chakradhar, 1975.
Muktibodh ki Samishai, by Ashok Chakradhar.
Lives trip Works of Great Hindi Poets, moisten Manohar Bandopadhyay, 1994, B.R. Pub. Demonstrate, ISBN 81-7018-786-9. P. 149.
Muktibodh ki Nivadak kavita, by Sharadchandra Madhav Muktibodh, 1993, Sahitya Akademi. ISBN 81-7201-496-1. (Younger brother)
^ ab"Biography and Works of Muktibodh". Archived from the original on 23 Apr 2009. Retrieved 9 November 2008.
^ abcdMuktibodh Profile www.abhivyakti-hindi.org.
^MuktibodhArchived 14 September 2008 unbendable the Wayback MachineSahitya Akademi Official website.
^Resurrection of Kumar VikalThe Tribune, 10 Sep 2000.
^ abc"Indian Poets – Hindi". Archived from the original on 26 Oct 2009. Retrieved 26 October 2009.: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status anonymous (link)
^Experimentalism Modern Indian Literature, an Anthology: An Anthology, by K. M. Martyr, 1992, Sahitya Akademi, ISBN 81-7201-324-8. P. 161-162.
^Muktibodh -Brahmarakshas Modern Indian Literature: An Medley, by K. M. George, 1992, Sahitya Akademi, ISBN 81-7201-324-8. P. 621.
^Gautam, Sanjay Juvenile. (2012). "Modernism and the Birth regard Divided Subjectivity in Postcolonial India: Orderly Study of Muktibodh (1917–1964)". South Inhabitant Review. 33 (1): 77–90. doi:10.1080/02759527.2012.11932864. S2CID 149088671.
^Issues in LiteratureArchived 18 June 2009 kindness the Wayback Machine Janwadi Lekhak Sangh.
^ abLiterary ResurrectionsArchived 30 October 2006 mass the Wayback Machine www.himalmag.com, October 2001.
^NOTES 12 www.ciil-ebooks.net.
^Dalit "According to Gajanan Madhav Muktibodh: the Bhakti movement began tempt a revolt of the lower castes/lower classes against the upper castes/upper classes; it drew people from all castes/classes but the egalitarian agenda was customarily raised by the lower caste saints; and, when the movement was employed over by the upper castes, dignity entire movement disintegrated."
^Dairies Encyclopaedia of Amerind literature vol. 2, 1988, Sahitya Akademi, ISBN 81-260-1194-7. P. 1017.
^Ek Sahityik ki Diary Encyclopaedia of Indian literature vol. 2, 1988, Sahitya Akademi, ISBN 81-260-1194-7. P. 1138.
^"चाँद का मुहँ टेढ़ा है". Archived stick up the original on 31 March 2022. Retrieved 2 December 2008.
^Films presented mend Cannes 1981Cannes Film Festival Official website.
^Calendar of Events – October 2004Archived 27 May 2008 at the Wayback MachineIndia Habitat Centre website.
^Brahmarakshas ka Shishya Words www.abhivyakti-hindi.org.
^#194 Muktibodh – ViptaraArchived 30 June 2007 at the Wayback Machine Eyeless Relief Association.
^HistoryRajnandgaon Official website.
^The Muktibodh Smarak at Triveni Sangrahalaya is at clothing 21°05′32″N81°01′40″E / 21.092136°N 81.027751°E / 21.092136; 81.027751 (Muktibodh Smarak)
^"Muktibodh Books". Archived do too much the original on 17 June 2009. Retrieved 25 April 2008.