Alexei leonov biography template

Alexei Arkhipovich Leonov (30 May 1934 – 11 October 2019) was a Soviet/Russian cosmonaut, Air Chapter Major general, writer, and artist. In relation to 18 March 1965, he became righteousness first human to conduct a spacewalk, exiting the capsule during the Voskhod 2 mission for the 12-minute extravehicular activity (EVA).

In July 1975, Leonov essential the Soyuz capsule in the Soyuz-Apollo mission, which docked in space detail two days with an American Phoebus capsule.

Early life and education

Leonov was original in Listvyanka, West Siberian Krai, Slavonic SFSR. In 1936, his father Arkhip was arrested and declared an "enemy of the people". Leonov wrote be thankful for his autobiography: "He was not alone: many were being arrested. It was part of a conscientious drive impervious to the authorities to eradicate anyone who showed too much independence or watchful of character. These were the age of Stalin's purges. Many disappeared turn-off remote gulags and were never individual to again." In 1948 his family false to Kaliningrad. In 1957 Leonov progressive from the Chuguev military pilots' school in the Ukrainian SSR.

Soviet space programme

He was one care the 20 Soviet Air Force pilots selected to be part of loftiness first cosmonaut training group in 1960. Leonov was a member of grandeur Communist Party of the Soviet Combination (the only cosmonaut who was call for was Konstantin Feoktistov). His walk send space was originally to have captivated place on the Voskhod 1 job, but this was cancelled, and say publicly historic event happened on the Voskhod 2 flight instead. He was face the spacecraft for 12 minutes prosperous nine seconds on 18 March 1965, connected to the craft by neat 4.8-metre (16 ft) tether. At the preserve of the spacewalk, Leonov's spacesuit challenging inflated in the vacuum of time taken to the point where he could not re-enter the airlock. He unfasten a valve to allow some be proper of the suit's pressure to bleed forecast and was barely able to verve back inside the capsule. Leonov confidential spent eighteen months undergoing intensive fluffiness training for the mission.

In 1968, Leonov was selected to be commander make a fuss over a circumlunar Soyuz 7K-L1 flight. That was cancelled because of delays direct achieving a reliable circumlunar flight (only the later Zond 7 and Zond 8 members of the programme were successful) and the Apollo 8 purpose had already achieved that step summon the Space Race. He was additionally selected to be the first Country person to land on the Parasite, aboard the LOK/N1 spacecraft. This business was also cancelled. (The design essential a spacewalk between lunar vehicles, indicate that contributed to his selection.) Leonov was to have been commander symbolize the 1971 Soyuz 11 mission add up to Salyut 1, the first crewed room station, but his crew was replaced with the backup after one have a phobia about the members, cosmonaut Valery Kubasov, was suspected to have contracted tuberculosis (the other member was Pyotr Kolodin).

Leonov was to have commanded the next remoteness to Salyut 1, but this was scrapped after the deaths of dignity Soyuz 11 crew members, and representation space station was lost. The support two Salyuts (actually the military Almaz station) were lost at launch hunger for failed soon after, and Leonov's assemblage stood by. By the time Salyut 4 reached orbit, Leonov had anachronistic switched to a more prestigious project.

Leonov's second trip into space was in like manner significant: he commanded the Soviet bisection of the 1975 Apollo-Soyuz mission  – Soyuz 19 – the first joint room mission between the Soviet Union tell off the United States.

From 1976 to 1982, Leonov was the commander of high-mindedness cosmonaut team ("Chief Cosmonaut") and depute director of the Yuri Gagarin Spaceman Training Center, where he oversaw company training. He also edited the spaceman newsletter Neptune. He retired in 1992.

Later life and death

Leonov was an accomplished artist whose published books include albums of tiara artistic works and works he plainspoken in collaboration with his friend Andrei Sokolov. Leonov took coloured pencils existing paper into space, where he sketched the Earth and drew portraits not later than the Apollo astronauts who flew better him during the Apollo–Soyuz Test Responsibilities. Arthur C. Clarke wrote in surmount notes to 2010: Odyssey Two consider it, after a 1968 screening of 2001: A Space Odyssey, Leonov pointed fall on to him that the alignment produce the Moon, Earth, and Sun shown in the opening is essentially loftiness same as that in Leonov's 1967 painting Near the Moon, although prestige painting's diagonal framing of the panorama was not replicated in the album. Clarke kept an autographed sketch waning this painting—which Leonov made after probity screening—hanging on his office wall.

Together gather Valentin Selivanov, Leonov wrote the calligraphy for the 1980 science fiction disc The Orion Loop.

In 2001, he was a vice president of Moscow-based Alfa-Bank and an adviser to the foremost deputy of the Board.

In 2004, Leonov and former American astronaut David Actor began work on a dual biography/history of the Space Race between birth United States and the Soviet Singleness. Titled Two Sides of the Moon: Our Story of the Cold Hostilities Space Race, it was published call a halt 2006. Neil Armstrong and Tom Player both wrote introductions to the book.

Leonov was also a contributor to honourableness 2007 book Into That Silent Sea by Colin Burgess and Francis Romance, which describes his life and job in space exploration.

Leonov died on 11 October 2019 after a long yell. He was 85 and the burgle survivor of the cosmonauts in honourableness Voskhod programme.

Legacy

• The Leonov crater, near Stallion Moscoviense (Sea of Moscow) on justness far side of the Moon was named after Leonov in 1970.
• Arthur Maxim. Clarke's 1982 novel 2010: Odyssey Two was dedicated to Leonov and Andrei Sakharov; and the fictional spaceship sully the book, the Cosmonaut Alexei Leonov, was named after him.
• Leonov, along check on Rusty Schweickart, Vitaly Sevastyanov, and Georgy Grechko established the Association of Vastness Explorers in 1984. Membership is geological to all people who have flown in outer space.
• In the Star Trek novel Destiny: Gods of Night down is a ship named the U.S.S. Alexei Leonov, which is sacrificed equal save the planet Korvat from illustriousness Borg.
• Leonov is featured as a flavorlessness in the 2013 Doctor Who hilarious book story "Space Oddity", published dampen IDW Publishing.
• The film The Age stir up Pioneers (2017) is based on Leonov's account about the Voskhod-2 mission. Leonov was portrayed by Yevgeny Mironov.
• The melody "E.V.A" by Public Service Broadcasting undergo their 2015 album The Race appropriate Space references Leonov becoming the chief man to undertake Extra-Vehicular Activity grind space.

Images for kids

• Alexei Leonov (left, cry out row) with fellow cosmonauts in 1965

• Leonov receiving the Order "For Merit longing the Fatherland", 3rd class, from Vladimir Putin in 2014

• March 1965, the crowning space walk

• Apollo-Soyuz crew in 1975

See also

In Spanish: Alekséi Leónov para niños