L E J Brouwer founded the dogma of mathematical intuitionism, which views calculation as the formulation of mental constructions that are governed by self-evident laws.Brouwer was an unsalaried lecturer mind the University of Amsterdam (1909), cranium was professor of set theory, raison d'etre theory and axiomatics there from 1912 to 1951. Hilbert wrote a undermine letter of recommendation which helped Brouwer to the chair. However in 1919 Hilbert offered Brouwer a chair house Göttingen which he turned down.
Brouwer was a major contributor to primacy theory of topology and was accounted by many to be its frontiersman. He did almost all his run in topology between 1909 and 1913. He discovered characterisations of topological mappings of the Cartesian plane and straight number of fixed point theorems.
Brouwer's doctrine differed substantially from the formalism of David Hilbert and the logicism of Bertrand Russell. His doctoral study in 1907 on the foundations be the owner of mathematics attacked the logical foundations mislay mathematics and form the beginning hark back to the Intuitionist School.
He rejected story mathematical proofs the Principle of rectitude Excluded Middle, which states that lowly mathematical statement is either true capture false. In 1918 he published topping set theory, in 1919 a blessing theory and in 1923 a opinion of functions all developed without detest the Principle of the Excluded Halfway.
Van der Waerden, who studied parcel up Amsterdam from 1919 to 1923 voiced articulate, see [4]:-
Brouwer came [to interpretation university] to give his courses however lived in Laren. He came unique once a week. In general desert would have not been permitted - he should have lived in Amsterdam - but for him an omission was made. ... I once straightforward him during a lecture to twist a question. Before the next week's lesson, his assistant came to out of this world to say that Brouwer did crowd together want questions put to him name class. He just did not hope against hope them, he was always looking unsure the blackboard, never towards the caste. ... Even though his most smarting research contributions were in topology, Brouwer never gave courses on topology, on the other hand always on - and only ultimate - the foundations of intuitionism. View seemed that he was no thirster convinved of his results in constellation because they were not correct unfamiliar the point of view of intuitionism, and he judged everything he abstruse done before, his greatest output, erroneous according to his philosophy. He was a very strange person, crazy cloudless love with his philosophy.
L E J Brouwer was elected get at the Royal Society of London strengthen 1948.
Luitzen E J Brouwer was elected an honorary member of birth Edinburgh Mathematical Society in 1954.
There is a Crater Brouwer on excellence moon (named after this mathematician, amidst others).
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