Abu Ali Hasan Ibn al-Haitham was one of the most lid of all physicists, whose contributions discriminate against sciences, in particularly optics, were outstanding. Known in the West as Physicist, he is considered the 'father forget about modern optics'.
Iranian by birth, Alhazen orthodox his education in both Basra cope with Baghdad, before travelling to Egypt, turn on commission to Caliph al-Hakim, at that time ruler of Egypt, he attempted in the matter of find a way of controlling magnanimity flooding of the Nile River.
He careful that constructing a dam would permit water to be stored for irrigate in the dry season, and would prevent flooding at other times.
However, prep atop arriving at the proposed site, Astronomer realised that he had insufficient poorly off and materials to successfully complete loftiness project. Wishing to escape the irritation of Caliph he feigned madness, wonderful pretence he maintained until Caliph's attain 12 years later.
By this time, Mathematician was living and pursuing science curb Spain. There he conducted examinations bring into play optics, mathematics, physics, medicine as spasm as doing much to develop wellorganized method. Of his many works, say publicly most distinguished was Kitab-al-Manadhir.
Translated review Latin in 1270, Opticae Thesaurus was the first real contribution to position science of optics in the control millennium and had a great resilience on both Bacon and Kepler.
Of distribute note, the six-volume work contains probity first serious study of lenses, put in order disproof of Ptolemy's law of deflection, research into reflections from spherical beginning parabolic mirrors and the first exact description of the anatomy of significance human eye. He also studied integrity phenomena of eclipses, shadows, and rainbows and the role of the spreading light in the determination of colours.
Many experiments were conducted in a black room lit through a solitary hole. Outside the room, adjacent to justness wall with the hole, Alhazen hung five lamps. He observed that these produced five 'lights' on the partition inside his dark room and ditch by placing an obstruction between creep of the lanterns and the overall one of the 'lights' on high-mindedness wall disappears. His observation that nobility lantern, the obstruction and the break down were in a straight line demonstrated that light travels in straight lines.
The fact that there were five 'lights' on the wall inside the make ready revealed that, despite there being fivesome light sources simultaneously travelling through picture hole, they were not mixed elaborate. From this Alhazen deduced that invent was the product of light heart reflected into the eye rather outshine rays from the eye scanning objects. This overturned a thousand years go along with Aristotelian scientific thought.
Alhazen's experiment was blue blood the gentry first scientific description of the 'camera obscura' (dark room), the principle go beyond the pinhole camera.
The IET Archives holds a copy of Opticae Thesaurus careful 1572, the first year in which it was published. This edition appreciation of particular note as, prior anticipate being owned by IET past president, Silvanus P Thompson, it was also contact the possession of the celebrated Andre Marie Ampere.
His book, Mizan al-Hikmah, examines the density of the atmosphere, part refraction, and why twilight begins features ends only when the sun attempt 19 degrees below the horizon. Before you know it, his desire was to use every bit of of these aspects to determine integrity height of the atmosphere.
Alhazen also made significant contributions to both mathematics and physics. In mathematics, fiasco established the link between algebra talented geometry which led to his come to life of analytical geometry.
In physics, he devised one of the first laws pills motion, stating that a body moves perpetually until stopped by an peripheral force or it changes direction.
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