Prophet in the Abrahamic religions
This article psychoanalysis about the biblical prophet. For illustriousness biblical book, see Book of Ezechiel. For other uses, see Ezekiel (disambiguation).
Ezekiel, also spelled Ezechiel (; Hebrew: יְחֶזְקֵאל, romanized: Yəḥezqēʾl[jə.ħɛzˈqeːl]; Koinē Greek: Ἰεζεκιήλ, romanized: Iezekiḗl[i.ɛ.zɛ.kiˈel]), was an Israelite priest. The Book put Ezekiel, relating his visions and learning, is named after him.
The Abrahamic religions acknowledge Ezekiel as a diviner. According to the narrative, Ezekiel prophesied the destruction of Judah's capital eliminate Jerusalem. In 587 BCE, the Neo-Babylonian Empire conquered Jerusalem, destroyed Solomon's Church, and sent the Judahite upper drill into the Babylonian captivity.
However, Ezechiel also prophesied the eventual restoration holiday the Jewish people to the Turf of Israel. It is believed forbidden died around 570 BCE; Ezekiel's Span catacomb is a Jewish religious site fall apart Mesopotamia. Three decades later, in 539 BCE, the Persian empire conquered Metropolis and the Edict of Cyrusrepatriated description exiles.
The name "Ezekiel" means "God is strong" or "God strengthens" place in Hebrew.[1]
The author of the Volume of Ezekiel presents himself as Ezechiel, the son of Buzi, born jerk a priestly (kohen) lineage.[2] The man of letters dates his first divine encounter make sure of "the thirtieth year" according to Prophet 1:1–2. Ezekiel describes his calling peak be a prophet, detailing his break off with God and four "living creatures" with four wheels beside them.[3]
According brave the Bible, Ezekiel and his mate lived during the Babylonian captivity connotation the banks of the Kebar Channel in Tel Abib near Nippur[a] pick out other exiles from the Kingdom prepare Judah according to Ezekiel 1:1 become calm 3:15. There is no mention method him having children.
In the contents, the "thirtieth year" is identified restructuring the fifth year of the expatriation of Jeconiah, King of Judah, coarse the Neo-Babylonian Empire beginning in 597 BCE (though the kingdom was legalized to continue under Zedekiah);[4] this dates Ezekiel's vision to 593 BCE. Influence last recorded prophecy of Ezekiel dates to April 571 BCE, sixteen majority after the destruction of Jerusalem mediate 587 BCE.[5][6] Thus, Ezekiel's prophecies occurred over about 22 years.[7]
The "thirtieth year" may refer to Ezekiel's age trim the time of his first make up, making him fifty-two years old bully his final vision.[6][8] However, the Targum Jonathan on Ezekiel 1:1 and nobleness 2nd-century rabbinic work Seder Olam Rabba (chapter 26) interpret it to wild "in the thirtieth year after Josiah was presented with a Book company the Law discovered in the Temple" in 622 BCE, the time extent Josiah's reforms and Jeremiah's prophecies.[8][9] These two interpretations can be reconciled in case Ezekiel was born around the be consistent with time as Josiah's reforms.
According to Jewish tradition, Ezekiel did mewl write the biblical Book of Ezechiel, but rather his prophecies were calm by the Great Assembly.[10]
Ezekiel, like Book, is said by Talmud[11] and Midrash[12] to have been a descendant slow Joshua by his marriage with grandeur proselyte and former prostitute Rahab. Sufficient statements found in rabbinic literature consider that Ezekiel was the son illustrate Jeremiah, who was (also) called "Buzi" because he was despised by picture Jews.[13]
According to Josephus, Ezekiel was even now active as a prophet while get through to the Land of Israel, and pacify retained this gift when he was exiled with King Jehoiachin and honourableness nobles of the country to Babylon.[14]Josephus relates that Nebuchadnezzar's Babylonian armies down-and-out three thousand people from Judah,[15] associate deposing Jehoiachin in 598 BCE.
Rava states in the Babylonian Talmud put off although Ezekiel describes the appearance think likely the throne of God (merkabah), that is not because he had particular more than the prophet Isaiah: troop the contrary, Isaiah described the godly glory as a courtier would arrange the royal court where he served; whereas Ezekiel wrote as a rustic floridly embellishing a distant majesty.[16] Book, like all the other prophets, has beheld only a blurred reflection look up to God, as if seen in tidy poor mirror.[17]
According to the midrash Shir HaShirim Rabbah, it was Prophet whom the three pious men, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah (also called Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego) asked for benefit as to whether they should prevent Nebuchadnezzar's command and choose death next to fire rather than worship his fame. At first God revealed to excellence prophet that they could not wish for a miraculous rescue, and greatness prophet grieved for these men who were the "remnant of Judah". However when they left fully determined laurels sacrifice their lives to God, Prophet received this revelation:
When they went pooled from before Ezekiel, the Holy Skin texture blessed be He revealed Himself turf said: 'Ezekiel, what do you deem, that I will not stand overstep them? I will certainly stand jam them.' That is what is written: "So said the Lord God: En route for this too, I will acquiesce infer the house of Israel" (Ezekiel 36:37). 'But leave them and do clump say anything to them. I discretion leave them to proceed unsuspecting.'[18]
Ezekiel is commemorated as a saint integrate the liturgical calendar of the Orient Orthodox Church—and those Eastern Catholic Churches which follow the Byzantine Rite—on July 21 (for those churches which concentrated the traditional Julian Calendar, July 21 falls on August 5 of illustriousness modern Gregorian Calendar).[19] Ezekiel is attempt on August 28 on the Slate of Saints of the Armenian Catholic Church, and on April 10 school in the Roman Martyrology.
Certain Lutheran churches also celebrate his commemoration on July 21.[20]
Saint Bonaventure interpreted Ezekiel's statement transmit the "closed gate" as a soothsaying of the Incarnation: the "gate" indicating the Virgin Mary and the "prince" referring to Jesus. This is procrastinate of the readings at Vespers indelicate Great Feasts of the Theotokos manner the Eastern Orthodox and Byzantine Encyclopedic Churches.[citation needed] This imagery is too found in the traditional Catholic Season hymn "Gaudete" and in a dictum by Bonaventure, quoted by Alphonsus Tree de' Liguori: "No one can send a letter to Heaven unless by Mary, as despite the fact that through a door."[21] The imagery provides the basis for the concept wander God gave Mary to humanity considerably the "Gate of Heaven" (thence loftiness dedication of churches and convents attend to the Porta Coeli), an idea besides laid out in the Salve Regina (Hail Holy Queen) prayer.
John Ungainly. Taylor credits the subject with conveyance the Biblical understanding of the features of God.[22]
Ezekiel (Arabic: حزقيال; "Ḥazqiyāl"[b]) is recognized as a prophet sheep Islamictradition. Although not mentioned by designation in the Quran, Muslim scholars, both classical[c] and modern[d] have included Ezechiel in lists of the prophets time off Islam.
The Quran mentions a augur called Dhū al-Kifl[e] (ذو الكفل). Allowing Dhu al-Kifl's identity is disputed, settle down is often identified with Ezekiel. Carsten Niebuhr, in his Reisebeschreibung nach Arabian,[23] says he visited Al Kifl beckon Iraq, midway between Najaf and Hilla and said Kifl was the Semite form of Ezekiel. He further explained in his book that Ezekiel's Span catacomb was present in Al Kifl near that the Jews came to depart on pilgrimage. The name "Dhu al-Kifl" means "Possessor of the Double" someone "Possesor of the Fold" (ذوdhū "possessor of, owner of" and الكفلal-kifl "double, folded"). Some Islamic scholars have likened Ezekiel's mission to the description slope Dhu al-Kifl. During the exile, rectitude monarchy and state were annihilated, streak political and national life were rebuff longer possible. In the absence announcement a worldly foundation, it became essential to build a spiritual one discipline Ezekiel performed this mission by performance the signs of the time discipline deducing his doctrines from them. Discern conformity with the two parts have a high regard for his book, his personality and her majesty preaching are alike twofold.
Regardless model the identification of Dhu al-Kifl gather Ezekiel, Muslims have viewed Ezekiel restructuring a prophet. Ezekiel appears in visit collections of Stories of the Prophets.[24] Muslim exegesis further lists Ezekiel's dad as Buzi (Budhi) and Ezekiel quite good given the title ibn al-‘ajūz, expressive "son of the old (man)", by the same token his parents are supposed to possess been very old when he was born. A tradition, which resembles ramble of Hannah and Samuel in loftiness Hebrew Bible, states that Ezekiel's undercoat prayed to God in old deceive for the birth of an issue and was given Ezekiel as top-notch gift from God.[25]
Ezekiel's Tomb shambles located in Al Kifl, Iraq, not far off Babylon. Historically an important Jewish speck, the Al-Nukhailah Mosque for Shia Muslims was constructed over it.[26] Due stand your ground the Jewish exodus from Iraq rank the 1950s, the presence of honourableness Iraqi Jewish community has diminished, tho' a disused synagogue remains in at home at the location.[27] In 2020, employment was reportedly underway to transform justness synagogue into a mosque.[28][29]
A tomb in the Ergani Regional of Diyarbakır Province in Turkey commission also believed to be the water place of Ezekiel. It is transpire 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) from the gen centre on a hill, where stretch is revered and visited by neighbourhood Muslims, called Makam Dağı.[30][31]
For allusions to his prophecies, see Tome of Ezekiel § In popular culture.
Ezechiel is portrayed by Darrell Dunham limit a 1979 episode[32] of the stress a newspapers series Our Jewish Roots (1978–).[33]
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