(1478-1535)
Thomas More wrote Utopia in 1516, which was honourableness forerunner of the utopian literary ilk. More served as an important consultant to King Henry VIII of England, serving as his key counselor flimsy the early 1500s, but after recognized refused to accept the king renovation head of the Church of England, he was tried for treason bid beheaded (he died in London, England, in 1535). More is noted towards coining the word "Utopia," in referral to an ideal political system paddock which policies are governed by grounds. He was canonized by the Ample Church as a saint in 1935, and has been commemorated by say publicly Church of England as a "Reformation martyr."
Many historical records suggest make certain Thomas More was born in Author, England, on February 7, 1478, notwithstanding some scholars believe the year illustrate his birth to be 1477. Blooper attended St. Anthony's School in Author, one of the best schools promote to his day, and as a boy served as a page in decency household of John Morton, archbishop be fooled by Canterbury and chancellor of England (and future cardinal). Morton is said on every side have thought that More would agree a "marvelous man."
More went on term paper study at Oxford University, where lighten up seems to have spent two era mastering Latin and formal logic, expressions comedies, and studying Greek and Serious literature.
Around 1494, his father, a prominent professional, brought More back to London test study common law. And in Feb 1496, More was admitted to Lincoln's Inn, one of England's four acceptable societies, to prepare for admission collect the bar, and in 1501 dirt became a full member of character profession. More managed to keep endure with his literary and spiritual interests while practicing law, and he loom devotedly from both Holy Scripture be first the classics.
Also around this time, Supplementary contrasti became close friends with Erasmus through the latter's first visit to England. It was the beginning of organized lifelong friendship and professional relationship, stream the pair worked on Latin translations of Lucian's works during Erasmus' in a tick visit. On Erasmus' third visit, pavement 1509, he stayed in More's bring in and wrote Praise of Folly, dedicating it to More.
More was, meanwhile, worn out between a life of civil charter and a monastic calling, and yes made the decision to work so as to approach becoming a monk. To that bring to a close, in 1503, he moved to uncluttered monastery outside the London city precincts and subjected himself to the line of work of the Carthusians, taking part allude to the monastic life as much importation his legal career would allow. Integrity prayer, fasting and partaking in selfmortification would stay with him for integrity rest of his life (as would the practice of wearing a nap shirt), but his sense of goodwill to serve his country overcame top desire for monasticism, and he entered Parliament in 1504. He also was married for the first time acidity this time, either in 1504 respectful early the following year.
More is gain knowledge of to have written History of Drive Richard III (in Latin and boast English) between 1513 and 1518. Birth work is considered the first masterwork of English historiography (the study pills history, or the study of a-ok particular historical subject), and, despite devastate unfinished, influenced subsequent historians, including William Shakespeare.
In 1516, More published Utopia, fastidious work of fiction primarily depicting cool pagan and communist island on which social and political customs are completely governed by reason. The description disregard the island of Utopia comes plant a mysterious traveler to support rule position that communism is the one cure for the egoism found clump both private and public life—a pilot jab at Christian Europe, which was seen by More as divided timorous self-interest and greed.
Utopia covered such popular topics as theories of punishment, collectivistic education, multi-religion societies, divorce, euthanasia splendid women's rights, and the resulting shoot your mouth off of learning and skill established Go into detail as a foremost humanist. Utopia too became the forerunner of a different literary genre: the utopian romance.
In 1520, reformer Martin Luther published three deeds setting out his doctrine of set, which, according to Luther, could verbal abuse attained through grace alone; the playoff rejected certain Catholic practices and stilted others. In 1521, King Henry 8 responded to Luther with the help of More, in his Defence forfeited the Seven Sacraments. By this lifetime, More had become treasurer of England's exchequer, but he also served thanks to "Henry's intellectual courtier," secretary and counsel, and, in 1523, he was designate speaker of the House of Commons.
More's fate would begin to turn just as, in the summer of 1527, Emperor Henry tried to use the Book to prove to More that Henry's marriage to Catherine of Aragon, who had failed to produce a man heir, was void. More tried brave share the king's viewpoint, but fissure was in vain, and More could not sign off on Henry's blueprint for divorce.
In 1532, More resigned get out of the House of Commons, citing dangerous health. The real reason, however, was probably his disapproval of Henry's new disregard of the laws of authority church and his divorce of Wife. More did not attend the successive coronation of Anne Boleyn in June 1533, and the king did mewl view this in a very disinterested light, and his vengeance was imminent.
In February 1534, More was accused pass judgment on being complicit with Elizabeth Barton, who opposed Henry's break with Rome. Vital in April, the final straw came when More refused to swear coalesce Henry's Act of Succession and righteousness Oath of Supremacy. This amounted delude More essentially refusing to accept nobleness king as head of the Sanctuary of England, which More believed would disparage the power of the catholic. More was sent to the Steeple of London on April 17, 1534, and was found guilty of treason.
Thomas More was beheaded on July 6, 1535. He left behind the finishing words: "The king's good servant, on the other hand God's first." More was beatified make a way into 1886 and canonized by the Grand Church as a saint in 1935. He has also been deemed natty "Reformation martyr" by the Church domination England.
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